Archive for November, 2008

Success in Parenting with these Communication Techniques

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

How good is your communication with your kids? Are you happy with the outcomes? Is your communication between one another loaded with emotion, or does it get the job done in a peaceful manner. I’m going to share eight tips about how I established communication with my daughters. I saw great success in parenting them when I used them.

Be Your Word.

Everything you say to your children is a promise or an agreement. Do what you say you’re going to do and you build trust. Trust carries you through when they’re sixteen years old, driving around with their friends and you don’t know what they’re doing.

There was a recent article about the Florida football team which was about to go into the National Championship game against the Ohio State Buckeyes. Florida had a new coach named Urban Meyer. Everyone agreed he had turned the program around. Their season had dramatically improved, even though they essentially had the same talent and schedule. So what was the difference?

To a man, they all emphasize the fact that the new coach had built a greater sense of trust among the players and coaches. They discussed some of his techniques. There were things like practices at midnight and certain competitions he had dreamed up. The important point was he had created a high level of trust.

Your children will be tempted, and since you won’t be there looking over their shoulder, you have to instill character in them. The first step in instilling character is that they see character in you. You are their role model.

Be 100% Responsible

Having integrity means being 100% responsible for everything in your life. It means giving up your reasons and your excuses. Every truly successful person I know lives their life as though they are 100% responsible for everything in their life.

At first blush, many people think this is ridiculous or unrealistic. Other people get the concept but they don’t really live it. This may at first sound like a burden; in reality it’s a freedom.

When you really get that you are 100% responsible for everything in your life, it’s a tremendously freeing experience. It allows you to create your life. This idea isn’t just some quotation you can read and pooh pooh. It’s real. Think about it: if you’re not responsible, if you don’t have control over your own life, then you’re just a victim and whatever makes you unhappy will always make you unhappy because you can’t change it, get rid of it. I know you can see this truth.

Be Genuine

This means being straightforward in your communications and take what you get. This means don’t use force or manipulation as a way of trying to get what you want. We know that we can’t control other people. When you really understand that and accept it, you’ll stop trying to manipulate or force others into achieving the results that you want. Force and manipulation will, at best, only get you a temporary result. Human beings always resist force and manipulation. Force and manipulation are really a product of fear.

When my children were young and they told their mom they wanted to live with Dad all the time, her response was to tell them that if they did that she would disown them. Obviously, I knew she wouldn’t disown them and I told them that. But she got what she wanted temporarily. They went back to live with her for a month. But in short order, they realized Mom wasn’t really going to leave them and then they moved into my house permanently.

Be Free

Learn to give up being right. How many times have we used that as justification for our actions?

When I say give up being right, I’m not saying forget about the concept of right and wrong. It’s incredibly important to teach your children the difference between right and wrong. Giving up being right really relates to the whole idea of control. More specifically, it deals with the fact that you don’t control anyone else. If you’re having an argument with your ex or you’re mad at them because you’re right and they’re wrong, this has nothing to do with making them right and you wrong. It has nothing to do with forgetting about right and wrong. It doesn’t meant that you have to give in to the. I just means you aren’t going to convince them that you’re right. It just means, let it go. Again, think long term. Think what will be effective and what your kids are seeing as you interface with your ex.

Be Courageous

Always deal with issues with your children head-on. My daughters told me throughout high school that their friends were always amazed at all the things they could talk to me about. My daughters would tell me “My girlfriends are amazed about the things I tell you.” Of course, I was forced into this because there was no mom around. The result is that my kids can talk to me about anything – sex, drugs, rock-n-roll. However, our goal here is to raise these children so they become productive and healthy young adults.

When you communicate clearly and openly with your children and develop trust they will come to you with the important issues in their life. Be their guide. You are their anchor. You want them talking to you, not their friends.

Be Peaceful

This comes back to being accepting about what you’re really trying to achieve. Don’t take the easy way out. Develop an early warning system. What are the things in your relationship with your children that irritate, aggravate or anger you? Think about what it is that really angers you.

Whatever you think it is, it really isn’t that. Now you think I’m talking nonsense. Let me give you an example. When my daughters were in high school I used to get really aggravated when they would leave the bathroom a mess. Typically, they would spend hours in the bathroom, doing what girls do, so that they could leave and be beautiful and get to that party. They would make a half-hearted attempt to clean up the bathroom and boom, they were out the door. I’d go upstairs, take one look at the bathroom and become angry because the sink was a mess and the towels were just lying on the floor.

On its face, I was angry because they left the bathroom a mess. When I really analyzed it, I knew I was mad at myself because I was failing as a parent to modify their behavior. That’s what I mean when I say, look at whatever it is that upsets you and whatever you think it is, it’s not really that.

Be Powerful

Don’t be cynical; be inspiring. Act in a way that they are touched and that you make a difference in their lives. One final word on responsibility: I’ve repeatedly talked about being responsible in your life. Successful parents are responsible. Responsibility in this context is not a burden. It’s not something you have to do, like pay the bills. It’s not about fault or blame. It’s not about guilt of shame. It’s not about getting credit. It’s not about judgment or what’s right or wrong. It’s not about what’s good or bad.

Being responsible means being wiling to deal with a situation in your life from the view that you are the creator of your life and of what you do. No one makes you responsible and you don’t make anyone else responsible. It’s a gift you give yourself.

Pass this lesson on to your children. Teach them to be responsible for themselves. Again, not a burden – acknowledge that they determine the consequences of their lives.

Take Nothing Personally

In all of your relationships, in all of your communications, take nothing personally. Observe the world around you. Notice how often people get offended. Look for it. As an experiment, see how many times you can notice someone being offended in a single day. The more you observe it as an outsider, the more comical it becomes. People act like little kids.

Don’t be like everyone else. Step back and be an observer. Watch how people interact with each other. You’ll find it humorous. The more you observe it in other people, the more humorous it is, the funnier it becomes, and the more quickly you’ll realize when you’re doing it, you’ll be able to stop.

If you want your children to turn out great
Find Article, your success in parenting and your communication with your kids will both benefit from using these tips.

They’re not just pants, they’re Dockers

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

Today Dockers for men offer a variety of styles that you can wear for any occasion and not give comfort for style. Whether you prefer the pleated or the flat front you will find the perfect style and fit when you wear Dockers as your choice for pants. The different style that you can choose from include the lightweight denim jean, the authentic cargo pant, versatile pleated pant, Irish pleated pant, authentic flat front pant, pro-Style Stowaway pocket flat front pant, pleated platinum khaki, pleated Never-Iron™ cotton khaki, Authentic 5 Pocket Twill flat front twill, flat front Never-Iron™ cotton khaki, authentic aviator cargo pant, flat front Thermal Adapt™ khaki, essential pleated dress pant, essential flat front dress pant, pleated khaki relaxed fit, pleated khaki classic fit, proStyle flat front and pleated, pleated Go Khakiฎ, pleated sanded microfiber pant, plus so many more than you will never have to look for another brand of pants. Dockers for men have just the pant for golf, fishing, lounging around your home, or the perfect dress pant for the office.

Not only will you find pants in the Dockers line for men today, but they have expanded their unique collection to include shorts, shirts, shoes, belts, blazers, socks and wallets. You will be able to complete your entire wardrobe with just one stop in the Dockers section.

Two years later, in 1988 Dockers came out with a line of pants for women. These feminine stylish pants became one of the most popular pants for women. The khaki style gave them the choice of looking dressy while wearing a casual pant. Dockers have many wonderful styles that will fit any body type or size. . The different style that you can choose from includes the Nouveau Fit which is a pant that sits at the waist with a fuller hip and thigh. In this line you can find the misses metro pant, misses scoop pocket pant, misses welt pocket pant and the petite metro pant. The Classic Fit sits just below the waist and is straighter through the hip and thighs. In the classic fit line you will find the misses flat front Go Khakiฎ and the petite flat front Go Khakiฎ. The Favorite Fit also sits just below the waist and curves throughout the hip and thigh area. In the Favorite Fit line you will find the misses clean front stretch pant, misses continental stretch pant and the petite continental stretch pant.

Dockers don’t stop with pants for women either. Just like in their wonderful line of men’s clothing you will find an array of other choices to complete your ensemble. You can find the perfect Capri, skirts, shooters, shorts, tops, and shoes. So, while you are purchasing your favorite line of Dockers pants finish the outfit with other great Dockers clothing.

Today, you do not have to search far to find a store that sells DockersPsychology Articles, they are sold in over 40 countries. You will be able to find that all Dockers items are comfortable and affordable. They are the perfect pant to fit any occasion and with the variety of accessories that Dockers offers today you will be able to purchase your complete outfit for any occasion.

If you are seeking comfortable clothing for a casual work setting or you are going on vacation and need clothing for the beach Dockers has what you need.

Similarities Between Candle and Soap Making Supplies

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

Candle and soap-making supply stores are found nationwide and on the Internet. It is easy to find materials for very reasonable prices.

Making soap is similar to making candles. The early steps are alike, in that they both involve melting the materials in order to pour them into a mold to give them shape. While wax or gel is used to make candles, a glycerin compound is usually used for soap. This is normally a mixture of natural vegetable oils, pure water, glycerin, and a soothing moisturizer. Once the raw materials are melted, they are poured into a mold that gives them shape. There are an endless variety of molds available for both soap and candles. Candles and soaps can be molded into a number of designs and shapes. Another difference, besides the materials used, is that soap molds are usually smaller than candle molds.

Also, candles often stay in containers or votives, while soap is always taken out of its mold.    

Candles and soaps both benefit from the addition of colors and aromas. There are a number of dyes to give color to soap and candles. It is important to use the correct kind of dye for the soap. Candle dyes could be toxic and create skin rashes or discoloration if used in soap.  There are scents that can make candles and soaps more pleasing, tiny bottles of concentrated liquid that give soap or candles an aroma.

Candle and soap-making supply stores have all of the ingredients needed to make either product. It is important to use the materials for their intended uses rather than mixing and matching. The processes of making soap and candles are similarArticle Search, but they are not identical.

Overextended Infants

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

Brainy Baby. Bilingual Baby. Baby Babble Speech Development. Baby Bumblebee Smart Baby Series. So Smart. And let’s not forget Baby Einstein.

Not familiar with all of these? Neither was I until curiosity drove me to look into the vast array of educational media for infants and toddlers. I was quite astounded by the sheer number of these products. And they are products — please do not overlook that point. They are designed to prey on parents who have, through various crafty marketing campaigns, been made to feel that their infant will fall dangerously behind the rest of the babies in playgroup if he or she is not subjected to a heavy dose of videos, flashcards, CDs, and books.

What can babies learn from these products? Check web sites like www.babyclassroom.com to find out. The Brainy Baby Left Brain VHS series focuses on “such cognitive skills as logic, patterns, letters & numbers, sequencing, analyzing details, and more.” The Bee Smart Baby Vocabulary Builder claims that there are (unnamed) studies proving that teaching an infant sign language may raise IQ scores significantly. And if sign language isn’t enough, you can use that series to introduce your 4-month old to Spanish, German, French, and Japanese. Many of these products indicate that they are useful for children who are late talkers or have a speech delay, and for those children these media may indeed be very helpful. But the underlying message in the vast majority of these materials is that you should buy them to make your child smarter; to make your child talk and read at the earliest age possible.

We hear a lot in the media about overextended children who are faced with pressures to be involved in sports and other pursuits, and to do homework, and to get good marks. I see from these products that this push to engage children in some sort of activity, to make them excel and stand out, begins at a startlingly young age. It is only natural for parents to want the best for their children. There is nothing wrong with some educational media and toys. And, in my opinion, a child can never have enough books. But I have to wonder if we have lost sight of the simplest method of developing language in children – face to face interaction . Isn’t it obvious? The best way to teach your child to communicate is to communicate with your child. You do not need a video, CD, or flashcard as an intermediary. Touch your child, talk to your child, let your child see your face and your mouth moving.

Next time you think about picking up a Baby Shakespeare or Bath Math videoFeature Articles, think twice. Why not go home and read some nursery rhymes to your child or play a counting game with his fingers and toes? I guarantee a much more rewarding experience for you both.

Jalapeno Jelly

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

Jalapeno Jelly
by Joyce Moseley Pierce 468 words

Need a quick treat for those upcoming holiday
office gatherings? A few years ago I was introduced
to the combination of Wheat Thins(TM), cream cheese and
jalapeno jelly! Don’t let the jalapeno scare you.
There are two ways to combat the “fire” you feel on your
tongue caused by these hot peppers, and that’s with milk
or bread. Whoever created this Southwest delicacy knew
what they were doing. The cream cheese and cracker are
there to calm the nerve endings in your tongue so you can
enjoy the blend of flavors.

The kick in this jelly is a delicious way to open the eyes,
as well as the taste buds, of your friends and co-workers.
Just place a block of cream cheese on a festive holiday
plate and pour the jelly over it. Put the crackers
within reaching range, but not close enough that they
get soggy from the jelly.

You can buy the crackers and cream cheese at any
grocery store, but you may have to search specialty
shops for the jelly. Sometimes you can find it at
Cost Plus or Marshalls in their food section.
However, if you really want to impress your friends,
try making your own. If you’ve never handled raw
jalapenos before, let me offer a word of warning.
The skin of the pepper is safe to touch – it’s the seeds
that produce the burning sensation. Use plastic gloves
if you’re worried about handling them. If you choose
to brave it without the gloves, keep your hands
away from your eyes while working with the peppers –
even the slightest bit on your fingers will send you
screaming if you get it in your eyes.

Pepper Jelly
14 hot peppers (jalapeno)
4 sweet peppers (red)
3 cups white vinegar
10 cups sugar
2 pouches pectin
2 tsp red (or green) food coloring

Cut peppers. Discard seeds and stem. Grind peppers
in blender with vinegar. Move this mixture to a
large pan and place on your stove burner. Add sugar,
bring to boil, and boil for 5 minutes. Remove from
heat and skim. Add 2 pouches pectin and food coloring.
Boil hard for one minute. Seal hot.

One year for Christmas I canned the jelly in half pint
jars and gave them as gifts. I made a label with a
jalapeno on the front and tied a holiday ribbon around
the lid. You might also add a Southwest fabric to lay
under the screw top lid. One friend was so excited
she grabbed a spoon and ate it right out of the jar!

In addition to being great for dipping with crackersPsychology Articles,
it’s great on toast or as a ham glaze. It adds a
“kick” wherever it’s used. You may even find yourself
reaching for a spoon!

The forgotten secret of the Ancient Greeks that shows us how to keep our teenagers out of trouble by teaching them to fight!

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

To every thing there is a season,
and a time to every purpose under the heaven:
A time to be born, and a time to die;
a time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted;
A time to kill, and a time to heal;
a time to break down, and a time to build up

(Ecclesiastes 3:1-3)

Four of the boys at training tonight are preparing themselves for
their first fight at our forthcoming Christians vs. Lions
promotion, scheduled for only three weeks hence. All of these
lads are boxers.

Three of those four – Joel, Daniel and young Dave – are friends,
finishing their last year of school together. They are a great
example of how guys from different ethnic backgrounds
(Australian, Latin American, and Lebanese respectively) can still
be the best of mates. The fourth guy, Louis, is an enormous
Islander man. I’m not sure whether he’s Tongan or from the Cook
Islands, but he’s a gentle giant really. He reminds me of
Mahendar – a regular here at the Youth Centre. They’re both big,
black and burly, but with gentle hearts. Louis has a few years on
the other boys who were there tonight. He’s a natural in the
ring, and plays the role of the older brother very well indeed.

These four boys are the cream of our crop in the fight club at
the moment. They are all capable pugilists, but more than that,
they are each a good embodiment of what our club is on about -
courage, integrity, self-discipline and teamwork. This isn’t to
say that none of them have ever been troublemakers. Indeed, I’ve
got a court appearance coming up with one of the boys, scheduled
for shortly after his fight, and he’s on quite serious charges.
Even so, I’ve seen nothing but positive growth since he joined
the club, and I’m hoping for positive results both in his fight
and in his court case.

What is it that makes fight training such a powerful tool in the
molding of young lives? There was a time when I thought of
fighting as just another form of sport. I have come to believe
though that fight training taps into something deep in the male
psyche, in a way that no other sport does.

When I used to talk to my old girls in the church about the
problems we had with our young people, they often used to say
‘what we need is another war’. I always thought that that was a
terrible thing to say – that a war was the last thing that
anybody wanted. And of course the girls didn’t really want a war.
They had just experienced the benefit of being part of a
community that had learnt to pull together through difficult
times. And they had seen the positive effect that soldiering
could have on the lives of young men.

I believe that men were made to fight. It’s part of our genetic
makeup. We may have managed to emerge from the jungle, but
there’s still a bit of the jungle in each of us, and pugilistic
activity keys right in to those ancient impulses – releasing the
wild man within.

This theory isn’t original to me of course. It’s part of the
fabric of the Bible – there behind every great warrior-king who
showed himself to be a ‘mighty man of God’ in battle, and behind
Jacob, who went toe to toe with God Himself and yet lived to talk
about it (Genesis 32)! These were men who knew how to fight and
pray and bleed and serve.

For a more philosophical exposition on the significance of
fighting, we need look no further than Plato’s Republic.

For those who haven’t read it, in the Republic Socrates explores
the concept of justice through examining both the just society
and the just individual, and then he goes on to delineate their
common elements. On the societal level he notes that a just
community is made up of a number of vital components parts:
rulers who govern, workers who labour, and an army that functions
to protect them both. In the individual he finds a similar
configuration – the mind that governs the body, the limbs that do
the work, and the ‘themos’ (which is often translated as ‘temper’
or ‘aggression’) that plays a parallel role in protecting the
individual. Justice in the Republic consists in having all of the
component parts (in either individual or society) being present
and working together properly.

In the wisdom of the ancient Greeks then, the ‘themos’ is the
vital third component in the human constitution, along with the
mind and the body. Without the ‘themos’, no individual is
complete, and at a social level, no society will ever achieve a
true state of justice.

It is my opinion that one of the negative legacies of feminism in
Western culture has been an attempt to deny the ‘themos’, which
seems to be more strongly present in men than in women. This has
been for the most understandable of reasons – because of the
excesses of male violence. But perhaps it’s time that we realised
that trying to eliminate ‘themos’ from society altogether is like
trying to eliminate spiders and snakes because we find them
distasteful. We soon discover that the created order needs all of
its creatures – even those that some of us find ugly – if it is
to function properly.

My experience with a vast number of men is that they tend to be
either functioning as doormats to their wives and girlfriends, or
they’re beating up on them. This is a reflection of the same
crisis in dealing with the ‘themos’. When we attempt to repress
the themos’, it often spurts out in the most horrible and
destructive of forms. When we successfully repress it, we
emasculate our men, so that they’re no longer able to stand up
for anything. Ironically, of course, such modern day men are not
only unable to offer any strength to society. They’re no longer
even attractive to the women they sought to please.

The only constructive alternative is for us to reharness the
‘themos’ and channel it creatively. We need to get in touch with
that distinctive male energy – recognise it, affirm it, and then
learn to bring it under control so that it can be put to good
use. Perhaps when we are able to do this, then we will see this
country produce leaders of the calibre of Martin Luther King Jr.,
Mother Theresa, or Mahatma Ghandi – strong people of principle
who stand up powerfully for what they believe in. As it is, our
leaders always seem to come across as being either ‘wooses’ or
criminals or both. God knows we need some real men in this
country who know what it means to love their women, to be fathers
to their children, and to serve God and their community with
their strength!

Fight training, I do believe, is a means to getting at that
‘themos’ and learning to bring it under control. When done in the
right way, fight training can help a young person to discover who
they are and can help them to bring their futures into focus.
They can then come to see their role as warriors in this society
who will stand up and use their energy to build a better
community and to fight for things worth fighting for.

What about these boys who I watched training with me tonight?
Will they go on to become ‘mighty men of God’? I don’t know. But
they’re on the right trackArticle Search, and they’re further ahead now than
when they first started their training..

How to find dates online and not pay for it

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

It’s
enigmatic that we never notice time marching forward. One day we wake up and we
are 30 years old when we swore that just yesterday we turned 20. Time is funny
like that. Nothing escapes the ravages of time yet we can’t even see the beast
coming. With the explosion of technology our world seems to be changing even
faster than time will allow. Dating is one such area of enormous change. Around
10 years ago the concept of online dating was only for the computer geek. Today
online dating has not only become accepted by main stream America but is now
embraced as a common way to find a mate.

A
study done in 2005 by Online Publishers Association, states that over $500
million dollars of online revenue was attributed to online dating services,
making it the second largest category of paid content. Cyberspace is crowded
with thousands of dating websites with hundreds more launching every day. The
Web has increased the effectiveness and efficiency of all aspects of our world.
The aspect of dating is no different.

Gone
are the days of awkwardly hanging out in the bookstore hoping that you will
bump into someone breathtaking. Users can search for specific characteristics
they are looking for in a mate to narrow down the search. Most dating sites
have tons of great search features ranging from height, weight and marital
status to more detailed qualities such as zodiac sign, drinking abilities and
eye color.

Finding
the right site is important. There are general dating sites like eHarmony.com,
match.com and chemistry.com and there are specific sites for niche demographics
such as christiancafe.com for Christians, areyoualone.com for international
dating and primesingles.net for dating over 50. If you are looking for free
dating
sites check out plentyoffish.com, justsayhi.com, datehookup.com and
jumpdate.com. Or just check out craigslist.com, facebook.com and myspace.com.
Most sites are free to sign up but may ask users to pay for premium features if
they want to contact others. Make sure you read to terms of use before making
any kind of financial commitment.

Not
all online daters are equal. Just like in the real world dating takes
commitment, practice and a solid game. To ensure success follow these tips:

1.
Practice Often: Simply selecting one person and hoping they will respond will
end in disappointment. Actively seek out hundreds of interesting people. It
only takes one to respond.

2.
Develop Your Personality: Boring, dull and uninteresting won’t work in the real
world or the online world. Explore hobbiesFree Articles, passions or anything that you enjoy
doing.

3.
Don’t Lie: Posting false information or pictures from bygone years will not
work. Sooner or later the person will find out.

4.
Write Thoroughly: Take extra time to fill out your profile as complete as you
can. Add an interesting a personal touch to make a great first impression.

5.
Think Rationally: Don’t get your hopes up thinking that there are a ton of
hidden supermodels lurking on the internet. There are lots of regular people
that use online dating.

Pole Buildings Use Simple Construction Techniques

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

Pole buildings are old and proven structures. Ancient civilizations discovered the ease of pole building construction centuries ago and now it’s catching on again. A basic pole structure consists of vertical supports, horizontal members, rafters or trusses, and supports. Pole buildings are very simple and sturdily constructed.

The poles are embedded deep in the ground and extend to the top of the building to support the roof. Skyscrapers are engineered and constructed following a similar philosophy albeit on a much larger scale using different building materials.

Stud-frame structures must have a poured concrete slab or foundation. The frame structure is then constructed on top of an and anchored to the foundation or slab. The additional cost, time, labor, and skill needed for the concrete portion of the building is the major disadvantage with using these building techniques.

Stud frame construction uses light-weight wooden supports spaced at regular intervals to provide nailing supports for the wall coverings and to provide roof framing. The popularity of stud-frame construction in residential homes is primarily due to the availability of materials and the rigidity of the building code regulations.

Traditional timber-frame construction and contemporary post-and-beam construction are very strong and have a pleasing appearance, but the require large beams or timbers for the horizontal and vertical members, which are usually not available these days without great expense and skill in working. These types of buildings also require more effort and care in placing the heavier supports.

Pole buildings are actually constructed using a combination of post-and-beam/timber framing and stud framing, using the best of these types of approaches. The upright poles are used as the building supports to which the lighter, more easily handled, horizontal framing lumber is fastened.

Pole buildings are particularly suited for barns, sheds, shops, warehouses, waterfront piers, roadside stands, aircraft hangars, and other simple shelters or structures. Many pole buildings are uninsulated and/or have one or more sides left open. Pole buildings construction can also be used to build vacation cabins and homes.

The practice of using pole construction for building vacation homes was started on the West Coast in the 1950s and had become increasingly popular although the cost of certain pole vacation homes can run as high as that of a similar conventional stud-frame house on a concrete foundation. It mostly depends on the building design.

Pole construction has become popular for several reasons. The biggest reason is the ready availability of new materials particularly suited to pole building. The creation of pressure-treated poles and posts is the most important of these new materials. Because the embedded poles are potentially in constant contact with moisture and insects, pole construction is very dependent on long-lasting, decay-resistantArticle Search, and insect-resistant wood products.

How Long Does The Landlord Have Before He Has To Return Your Deposit?

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

State Deadline for Returning Security Deposit

Alabama No statutory deadline

Alaska 14 days if the tenant gives proper notice to terminate

tenancy; 30 days if the tenant does not give proper notice

Arizona 14 days

Arkansas 30 days

California Three weeks

Colorado One month, unless lease agreement specifies longer period of time (which may be no more than 60 days); 72

hours if a hazardous condition involving gas equipment requires tenant to vacate

Connecticut 30 days, or within 15 days of receiving tenant’s forwarding address, whichever is later

Delaware 20 days

District of Columbia 45 days

Florida 15 to 60 days depending on whether tenant disputes deductions

Georgia One month

Hawaii 14 days

Idaho 21 days, or up to 30 days if landlord and tenant agree

Illinois 30-45 days, depending on whether tenant disputes deductions

Indiana 45 days

Iowa 30 days

Kansas 30 days

Kentucky 30-60 days, depending on whether tenant disputes

Louisiana One month

Maine 21 days (tenancy at will) or 30 days (written rental agreement)

Maryland 30-45 days, depending on whether tenant has been evicted or has abandoned the premises

Massachusetts 30 days

Michigan 30 days

Minnesota Three weeks after tenant leaves, and landlord receives mailing address; five days if tenant must leave due to building condemnation

Mississippi 45 days

Missouri 30

Montana 30 days (10 days if no deduction

Nebraska 14 days

Nevada 30 days

New Hampshire 30 days New Jersey 30 days; five days in case of fire, flood, condemnation, or evacuation

New Mexico 30 days

New York Reasonable time

North Carolina 30 days

North Dakota 30 days

Ohio 30 days

Oklahoma 30 days

Oregon 31 days Pennsylvania 30 days

Rhode Island 20 days

South Carolina 30 days

South Dakota Two weeks to return entire deposit or a portion of it, and to provide reasons for withholding; 45 days for a written, itemized accounting if tenant requests it

Tennessee No statutory deadline

Texas 30 days

Utah 30 days, or within 15 days of receiving tenant’s forwarding address, whichever is later

Vermont 14 days

Virginia 45 days

Washington 14 days

West Virginia No statutory deadline

Wisconsin 21 days

Wyoming 30 days, or within 15 days of receiving tenant’s forwarding addressScience Articles, whichever is later; 60 days if there is damage

The Thimble and Thimble Collecting Today

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

A thimble is a cap that fits over the finger to protect it when pushing a needle during sewing. The word, derived from Middle English, literally means “thumb shield.”

The thimble has a long history. The oldest existing thimble is Roman, found in the ruins of Pompeii. It is bronze. However, the Etruscans, who pre-date the Romans, are known to have made bronze thimbles. Primitive thimbles of bone and leather probably also existed because thimbles have been used by every known culture. These thimbles did not survive the centuries.

Through the years, thimbles have evolved in a number of ways. Both the materials used and the means of production have changed. Thimbles have gained new uses and become primarily decorative and collectible rather than merely practical.

Early thimbles had to be sturdy because homespun fabric was coarse and needles were rough and unfinished. It was difficult to push the thread through the fabric so a strong, thick bronze or iron thimble, called a “skep,” was required to prevent injury. Each thimble was shaped individually by pounding metal into a mold. The dimples in these early thimbles were applied by hand and are uneven. These primitive, shallow thimbles were dome shaped and had no rim. Some had a hole in the top to stabilize them during the casting process. It was hard to keep them on the finger and the metal bled and colored the sewer’s hand.

By the 15th century, fabric became more finely woven and needlework became more refined. Thimbles became thinner. These thimbles were usually made of brass and imported from Nuremberg, a brass-making center. Simultaneously, new methods of producing thimbles were introduced. Thimbles were made from sheet metal. The new thimbles also contained decorative motifs. The cap was separate and attached to the cylinder later. These new thimbles were taller and the top was flatter.

Another type of thimble called a “sewing ring” or tailors’ thimble was also produced during this time. It was a shallow thimble with no top. This type of thimble is used when the needle is pushed through the fabric with the side of the finger rather than the tip.

Also during this period, the lowly, utilitarian thimble began to dress up in jewels and precious metals and lead a secret life as a gift item. Wealthy women did needlework together, so it was natural for Elizabeth I to commission a jewel encrusted thimble as a gift.

During the 16th and 17th century Holland became the new seat of thimble production. However, in the late 17th century, John Lofting moved thimble production to Islington, England where the brass-working industry was already established. He began to produce thimbles in a scale unheard of before. Later, he moved his factory to Great Marlow, and used water power to double production. By the early 18th century, he was producing 2 million thimbles annually. But he too succumbed to progress and thimble making moved to Birmingham, England by 1800.

The composition of brass also improved during this period. A new formula made it more malleable and suitable for a different manufacturing process called “deep drawing” that used less metal. This lowered the cost.

In the 16th century, manufacturers began to produce thimbles in silver and other precious metals. Because a silver thimble is softer than the needle it is meant to push, the cap had to be reinforced with iron. This highly collectible type of thimble is called a “Dorcas.”

Thimbles were also made of porcelain by companies such as Spode and Wedgewood. Although considered more decorative than durable, they were used to sew on silk.

The dawn of the Victorian era marked the start of thimble collecting. Roads had improved and people began to tour. The Great Exhibition, a kind of world’s fair, was held in Hyde Park, London and attracted large crowds. A commemorative thimble was issued to mark the event. The concept of commemorative thimbles caught on with collectors. It was also at this time that advertising thimbles became popular.

In Victorian times, a silver thimble was regarded as a highly appropriate gift especially for a man to give a woman. Victoria women carried a chain-like device called a chatelaine, to which sewing items such as small scissors and a needle case could be attached. Thimbles were enclosed in a decorative thimble case that could be attached to this device as well. Sometimes the couple would remove the cap from a thimble so it could be used as a ring.

We are all aware that sewing is the primary use of the thimble. But did you know that a slightly larger thimble, usually two ounces, was used to measure spirits? And did you know that 19th century prostitutes used them to tap on their clients’ windows and Victorian schoolmistresses used them to knock recalcitrant students on the head?

Today, thimbles are still used in quilting, French hand sewing and other types of decorative needlework. As hand sewing has become less common, the practical use of thimbles has declined. Although they have become largely decorative, collectors’ interest in modern thimbles has not waned. Thimbles originally created in silver are being reproduced in pewter thanks to new processes, developed in the 1950’s that allow more detailed design. New series of thimbles are being issued to commemorate everything from football teams to Disney characters. Every tourist destination offers souvenir thimbles to tourists. Many probably don’t even know how to use them.

Thimble collecting is an extremely popular hobby worldwide. Many thimbles are reasonably priced and readily available. Men, women and children collect them. Some collectors are interested in the history of thimbles while others collect them for their decorative value. Collectors’ clubs have sprung up locally. The internet now connects collectors all over the world. Collectors’ societies have their own web pages. Collecting has also spawned a booming cottage industry in display racks, cabinets and domes.

The lowly thimble has become a star. Some admire its humble origins and some its newfound incarnations. It is one of the most versatile and practical tools ever inventedComputer Technology Articles, born of necessity.